According Narmada

According to the government, the Sardar Sarovar Dam will do the following: Provide safe drinking water to 30 million people Irrigate 4. million hectares of land Produce 550 megawatts of power Provide 1,300 cubic-meters of water per yr. or municipal and industrial purposes Provide a drainage system to carry away floodwaters It will also take the land of 320,000 people http://www. narmada. org/maps/nvdp. ]pg The Sardar Sarovar Dam The cost of the project was estimated at $200 million, actual cost is $450 million Investors are the World Bank until 1993 (when they withdrew), Gov. of Gujarat (state where the Sardar Sarovar dam is located) and S.Kumars (India's leading textile companies) It will displace 180,000 more than projected and affect 700,000 livelihoods India's History with Dams According to the World Commission on dams: Over the last 50 years, India has built more than 1500 large dams. 70% of the irrigation projects are still incomplete 16 million Indian people have been forced f rom their homes because of these dams. % of these people were not ‘rehabilitated' Picture of a village, now an island http://www. narmada. org/images/satyagraha2003/sat7.J Opponents Dalits and Adivasi (indigenous people). In accordance to their caste system they are ‘untouchables'. Many of these people are uneducated and very few can read and write. Narmada Bachao Andolan, the Save the Narmada Movement (NBA). The movement started in 1986 when the World Bank ent India $450 million for the Sardar project. It was started by a social worker named Medha Patkar. She is the representative for the NBA movement. Medha Patkar http://www. narmada. org/domkhedi. submergence. pictures. tml Arundhati Roy; Booker Prize-winning author supporter of the Save the Narmada Movement; wrote a book about the Dams in India called ‘The Greater Common Good'. Baba Amte; a social worker whose work with leprosy has earned him much respect in the country among the tribal people and government of ficials. â€Å"Nobody builds Big Dams to provide drinking water to rural people. Nobody can afford to. â€Å"There's a lot of money in poverty . † Arundhati Roy Proponents Indian Government supports the building of dams. The World Bank supported the Sardar Sarovar Dam Project and loaned India $450 million.They withdrew from the project after an independent review confirmed social and environmental impacts were increasing. The Supreme Court of India has ruled on the Sardar Sarovar Dam. In 1995 they suspended work on the dam because the height exceeded the amount originally planned, 75m. In 1999 they ordered work to continue up to the height of 85m. Then in Oct 18, 2000 they ruled in favor of uilding the Sardar Sarovar despite global Mr Vyas, Gujarat's Minister for Narmada Irrigation. â€Å"l think this is a civil engineering marvel. â€Å"If you have to sacrifice a little bit of your own for the good of society, do it gladly, willingly, smilingly† â€Å"We have given them the best and put them in the bracket which belongs to the best people.

My Different Kinds of Friends

I have formed many friendships in life. Each friend, however, is different. Some are closer than others. Some are more important to keep than others. There are friends made out of necessity and some formed as if by fate. Friends, certainly, are of various kinds. I have one best friend. We share many similarities in character and preferences. We have been through a lot since we first met. The best friend is someone whom you think you could trade personalities with. He is someone whom you could share your secrets, dreams and problems.He will accept you for both your good and bad traits and could be depended on in both happy and sad times. The other type of friend I have made is the group-friend. The clique is a group of people whom you go in a group with. I am part of one in school and another in the neighborhood. When I start working in a company, I know I will be part of another. Although the closeness is less than that of the best friend, belonging to a clique means having a group t o hang out with, play games with, and sympathize with each other’s life stories.Then, there are the friends I keep in close contact with but am not really close enough to confide in. I keep a good relationship with them because I see them regularly. They are schoolmates, sons and daughters of my parents, neighbors, and other people whom I interact with in a regular basis. Finally, there are the friends whom I make at various stages in my life but whom I lost contact with through the years. For instance, childhood friends who went to different schools or have already moved to other places.I keep in contact with some of them through email and sometimes I see them but a long distance friendship is different to having a regular friend around. Friends change every year or so. Even a best friend can become a mere acquaintance later on in life. There are no permanent friends unless one takes the extra effort. Friends are important to have in life, however, in that they are like life -saving crafts. We need them during fun times, but we need them more during the low moments of life.

NBA- National Basketball Association Research Paper

NBA- National Basketball Association - Research Paper Example Not only is the NBA among the four main North American professional sports leagues but its players are also the world’s most lucratively paid sportsmen, going by the average annual salary per player. Many attribute the success of the NBA to its culture and the manner in which it has managed to integrate its culture to its operations and goals, as will be seen in the discussion which ensues forthwith. First, it is important to consider the fact that the NBA has a wide culture, with this wideness taking on both formal and informal aspects. The formal culture of the NBA has mainly been consistent with the organizational policies, while the informal one has mainly been subject to socio-cultural preferences. According to Maymin, Maymin, and Shen (2011), to show for the similarity between NBA and business culture, NBA has also used creations and mergers to extend itself. Having been founded in 1946, the Basketball Association of America merged with NBL on August 3rd, 1949. This deve lopment culminated into the creation of the National Basketball Association. To extend its interests further, NBA has used franchising as its business culture. NBA in 1949 had 17 franchises that at the time were located in large and small cities, and large and small arenas. Through the 1950s, NBA consolidated its 11 franchises. In a closely related wavelength, it is important to note that NBA has also used contraction to move its franchises that had been located in smaller cities to get to larger cities. For instance, it is against this backdrop that the Hawks moved from Quad Cities to Milwaukee, then to Missouri, St. Louis, while the Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati. In the same respect, Pistons moved from Indiana (Fort Wayne) to Detroit in 1957. The culture of merging, franchising and contraction started from the need to expand. The growth of NBA into national and regional importance and the global recognition of NBA as the principal basketball league in the Un ited States underscore the success of these management cultures- franchising, merging and contracting. One of the informal cultures of NBA is its identification with the African American and hip hop culture. The fact that rappers such as Sean Carter and Cornell Iral Hayness Jr. are major stakeholders in NBA teams (namely, Charlotte Bobcats and Brooklyn Nets respectively), underscore this. In like manner, a number of artists have managed to wear NBA throwback jerseys in their music videos. Likewise, NBA plays hip hop and rap music in basketball arenas during games. As if this is not enough, NBA video games NBA Live, ABC-ESPN and NBA 2K use hip hop music in their soundtracks and coverage. Some of the players in NBA have rapped or tried to rap, with Shaquille O’Neal, Tony parker, Kobe Bryant, Chris Webber, Allen Iverson and Metta World Peace serving as examples of these basketball-players-cum-rappers. It is also not at all uncommon to find several NBA players who act or dress in ways that are consistent with rap and hip hop culture. It is for this same reason that many NBA players and members wear jewelry and spot tattoos, both inside and outside basketball courts. A. Maymin, P. Maymin, and Shen (2011) contend that the close affiliation between the NBA and hip hop culture dates back to the late 1970s. This development follows the fact that the 1970s fall within the Cold

The Uses Of Liberal Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

The Uses Of Liberal Education - Essay Example Using logos, the author explains that poor people lack the power to negotiate their position and life condition. They are trapped by external and internal forces, which sometimes appear too overwhelming and thus insurmountable. The only weapon they can use to navigate through life is an equal force to match the forces they are encountering. This force for them is violence and gun culture. It is for this reason that many of them end up in prison. If they knew that there were other ways to negotiate and that they too could enjoy a voice in public matters, these people could come out of the vicious circle of poverty. Pathos has been effectively employed- mostly to highlight the plight of those who suffer from extremes of poverty. It is most prominent in the case of Niecie, the inmate at Bedford Hills who first gave the idea of the use of liberal education as a weapon for success. Viniece Walker was a twenty-year-old when she came to the prison and during her time there, her HIV had progressed significantly but she had defiantly pursued a college degree in psychology. She had been described as the best inmate because apart from her education, she was also fully engaged in offering counseling services to inmates. Ethos comes into action when the author tries to establish the moral grounds for his research. Why should the poor always remain poor? Why must the rich have the tools of negotiation while poor were completely ignorant of them? The author raises the question: why are poor people poor? And realizes that none of the people he interviewed mentioned lack of money or proper jobs. Some of them had a vague idea; others clearly felt that lack of education was the reason. The ethics of this argument lies in the inability of the poor to access the tools of negotiation that rich possessed.

Watson and Cricks 1952 paper in Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Watson and Cricks 1952 paper in Nature - Essay Example The copying mechanism is significant in forming many copies of DNA that contain the hereditary material. Essentially, the replication of the genetic material is important in the reproduction of the cells through meiosis and mitosis. The replication ensures that there is extra DNA for the multiplying cells to facilitate the daughter cells to reproduce (2011). Thus, the copying mechanism implies that the cells can make an exact replica of genetic material, and pass it to the other generations. The copying mechanism introduced the element of complementarity that is important in the replication of the DNA and subsequent transfer of genetic information from one generation to another. Fundamentally, reproduction of the cells depends on the ability of organisms to produce the exact replica of the genetic materials (2011). It is noteworthy that the replication of the two daughter molecules can sometimes have errors. Hence, the scientists should utilize the model of base pairing to examine the partial alteration of the

Trangle Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trangle - Article Example This I did by surveying the type of motor they were using and the problems faced in its operations. I finally completed my sales pitch my emphasising on my personal reputation. I provided links of clients to whom I have sold the motors; emphasised how I go the extra mile to ensure proper after sales service even though it was not my job. Thus I used ethos in order to sell electric motors. To use logos we might cite facts and statistics, historical and literal analogies and try to appeal to the good sense of the listener. An example of where a logo has been used by me was the Green Peace fund collection campaign. People are generally reluctant to give their hard earned money ; so I had to start by explaining to them the danger our environment is presently in ; I cited figures and logical arguments which told them the harm that global warming had done and how our children are sure to inherit a bleak future. By doing this; the good sense of the listener was persuaded and I tried to make him do something for the environment in which he lives. Pathos is usually an emotional appeal where we try to invoke sympathy, anger or any other emotion of the audiences. Pathos is used regularly by me in trying to get a girl to go out with menthe general strategy is to get a lot of sympathy from the girl whom I like so that she goes out on a date. Once a feeling of pity or sympathy comes; the girl finds it difficult to say no to a date. Logos and Ethos will not be as effective in this situation as an emotional appeal

Beggaining of Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beggaining of Judaism - Essay Example During the foundation of this religion, God Discovers Abraham and calls him into a covenant. In this covenant, Abraham is called to be the father of numerous descendants who would be a special nation to God as they would be a case in point for the world. The world would be called to emulate this nation in terms of holiness and commendable conduct. For these special descendants, God would give the Land of Canaan or the Holy land between River Jordan and the Mediterranean Sea. Today, this land comprises the territories of Israel and Palestine while the religion headquarters remains as Jerusalem despite the absence of a temple or other forms of jurisdictional influence (Patheos.com para1). In order to guide the lives of the Israelites, God provided the Israelites with a set of rules. These rules were in the form of the Ten Commandments, which were to guide them. The rules were given to Moses at Mount Sinai. Other religious practices that the Jews were expected to adhere to were the sacrifices and prayer at the altar of sacrifice, sacred tree or stone pillar. Sacrifices were meant for retaining a strong relationship with God through recognizing His authority and influence over their lives. In addition, the Israelites were expected to remain as a religious community. This was possible through Circumcision, a practice that was acceptable for all male children eight days after birth (Religiousfacts.com para11). Religiousfacts.com further records that the relationship between the Jews was at first stormy and filled with challenges, especially during the journey to the Promised Land and in the Promised Land. For forty years, the Jews journeyed in the wilderness with Moses playing the key roles of a leader religiously, politically, military and legislatively. In the wilderness, God sustained them until He led them into the promised land of Canaan after entering into a covenant with them. The covenant required the

3810 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3810 - Essay Example Jill is protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1991. The Act provides for her rights as an employee and the liabilities of an employer in the event that the employer violates terms and conditions of employment. A religious issue and/or concern are involved in Jill’s case. The source of the conflict is the existence of a job requirement that was not known to Jill during the entire selection and hiring process. The hidden job requirement, immediate firing, and failure to honor Jill’s contract constitute an employment dispute that falls under the provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. In order to qualify for protection under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, a number of elements of proof must be met (Capozzi 41). Jill Johansen must prove that the company is based within the U.S. The company operates branches in Chicago and Los Angeles. The fifteen employees with at least twenty weeks of the year employment element must also be proven (Capozzi 48). The company has been operational for ten years, and has up to one thousand employees. Interstate operations must be shown; the company is an advertising agency with openly known business in Chicago and Lo Angeles. A number of damages and remedies are available to Jill in relation to her case. The alternative damages and remedies available include punitive damages, compensatory damages, re-hiring under all applicable terms and conditions, EEOC deliberations, and contract honoring (Capozzi 63). Jill’s case involves a religious factor that comes up after she is hired. Both the EEOC and the provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act provide a remedy for the case. Jill can actually push for any of the above-mentioned damages and/or remedies. In arbitration, Jill Johansen would receive a number of remedial courses. Firstly, Jill’s contract stands to be honored. The employer failed to clearly present all the terms and conditions of employment. At the time Jill was

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Political Science - Essay Example 103-105). To reduce extreme poverty and hunger, it was agreed that, the proportion of people living on less than one U.S. dollar a day should be reduced dramatically by half. Also, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger should also be reduced to half by the year 2015 (Richmond, S 2007). This was mainly to be achieved through rural investments and other development channels aimed at the rural areas. People living with less than a dollar per day are the majority in the developing world, thus, they should be thought of in the first place. In achieving the free universal education, it was agreed that, all boys and girls must complete a full course of primary schooling in all the signatory countries and if need be force should be used to make them attend schools (Agnes, V 2005 P. 104). No body should fail to get the free education. In agreement was increased enrollment accompanied by efforts to ensure that all children remain in school to receive a high quality education. All present agreed to this as knowledge is power. To promote gender equality, it was agreed that gender disparity should be reduced in both primary and secondary education probably by half in the year 2005 and the remaining chunk by 2015. This was to be made possible by the emphasis of the second goal; free universal education. Also, the consideration of women to higher positions in work places was to be put into limelight as women can contribute to the wellbeing of a nation as well as promoting the sense of belonging and nationhood. The reduction of child mortality was put into light. It was said that, the mortality rates for children under five should be reduced by two thirds (Oloo 2004). This was to be achieved through the promotion of better health practices during pregnancy and after birth. This menace is more pronounced in African countries due to the poor state of the health facilities as well as negligence and

UK Courts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK Courts - Essay Example Some arguments specifically identify the choice to eliminate trial by jury in the most complex fraud cases, suggesting that such cases can be more appropriately heard by a panel of judge or judge and magistrates. Attorney General Lord Goldsmith states â€Å"it is about justice...making sure serious fraudsters are brought to trial" (BBC News, 2005). Kevin Martin, president of the Law Society is against the new proposal, as he suggests That the problem does not lie with juries, but with poor management of court cases. There is concern that doing away with juries will erode public confidence in the legal system. This is a legitimate concern. Lack of confidence in the legal system may lead to lack of cooperation with police and others who serve to uphold the law. Interviews with UK citizens indicate that while the jury system can be flawed, it should be maintained in all cases. A poll of UK citizens by News Online provides as with insight into public opinion. One UK citizen believes tha t the jury system should be upheld at all costs, as failing to do so would allow the state to relinquish its authority to the victims, in deciding punishment. Another feels that trial by â€Å"jury of one’s peers† is still the most fair, claiming that judges are made up of social elite, â€Å"deciding the fate of us, the common folk† (News Online Poll, 2001), which would lead to injustice.

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay Example for Free

‘Mater Card’ by American Policymakers Essay To what extent was the atomic bomb used as a diplomatic ‘mater card’ by American policymakers at the end of the Second World War? In 1945, the unconditional surrender of German symbolized the victory of the war against Fascism in Europe. However, the situation in Far East was still extremely intention. In the 7th July of the same year, the leaders of American, Great Britain and Soviet Union - Truman, Churchill and Stalin held the third conference during the wartime in Potsdam. During the conference, the Potsdam Declaration was proposed in order to urge Japan to accept the requirement of unconditional surrender. Nevertheless, the leader of Japan ignored the declaration and refused to surrender. As a result, the America dropped two atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 6th and 9th in August 1945. The explosion of these two atomic bombs has brought enormous calamity to Japan. The bomb killed 140,000 inhabitants out of the total of 350,000 in Hiroshima, as well as 70,000 out of 270,000 people in Nagasaki. These huge numbers of death have largely led to the serious concern in the Japan to consider the surrender. In the 10th august, the Japan hand in the document of surrender. After 5 days, in 15th, the American accept the unconditional surrender proposed by Japan. If we looking back to the decision of dropping the atomic bomb, it is certainly an effective way in which it will promote the surrender of Japan in earlier time. However, it is not the only purpose of dropping the atomic bomb, in fact, as the lot of diplomatists have indicated, it is also a diplomatic strategy in dealing with the relationship with the Soviet Union. By using the atomic bomb, American will deter the Soviet Union and ensure American stand in a superior stage in deciding the world pattern in post-war period. To large extent, the atomic bomb is a ‘master card’ to contain Soviet Union rather than a tool to end the Second World War. It was certain that the Americans were willing to end the war as soon as possible by using atomic bombs. Both of America and Japan had paid high expense in the Pacific battlefield. Undoubtedly, to end the war would save a vast number of lives. Herbert Feis supplied evidence that one of the cogent reasons to use the atomic bomb was for military force, to push the war to end as soon as possible. It was until 15th August 1945, several days after the atomic booming event taken place, the empire of Japan declared  surrender. It was clear that the atomic bomb made influence on Japan’s surrender progress. However, as a matter of fact, the military power of Japan was disintegrated rapidly in 1945, meanwhile, allied nations had kept applying pressure to Japan. The defeat of Japan was for certain even without the bomb threatening. Thus, in other words, to large extent, the atomic bomb was not an instrument to end the Second World War. As the war against Fascism close to end in Europe, the Allies had concentrated their forces on Japan. Especially, in December1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor had significant blow on American people. In the speech after the big event, President Roosevelt asserted that ‘I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.’ Along with American’s entering the war, the trajectory of Japan began to decline. In the Midway Battle in 1942, it had cost Japan heavily by losing a mass of air and navy power. In addition, since 1944, the American navy had tightened the stranglehold towards Japan’s ships. In the late summer of the same year, the fail of Marianas Islands, including Saipan had pushed Japan to a severer condition. For the Marianas had been an important district as a defending perimeter, Japan was under the risk of within the range of B-29 bombings. The situation was moved rapidly, thus, the defense perimeter was broken and American forces had destroyed the navy and air force. By 1945, Japan was not able to declare large scaled air and sea battles. George, the commander of the Air Forces stated that Japan could do nothing without the support of sea and air power. Indeed, with America’s enormous industrial capacity, Japan was no longer a menace to America. This was why Henry, who was commanding Army Air forces said that the position of Japan was hopeless before the bomb fell for they had lose their air control. However, the worse was that a naval blockade strangled the key approach for Japan to import oil and other raw material. Japan could hardly to produce war materials, even the food. Without these essential supplements, Japan was indeed collapsed. Truman had written in his diary that ‘I have to decide Japanese strategy, shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade.’ In the eyes of American, the Japanese had to be obedient to American’s order. On the other hand, the invasion of Soviet Union had make a  key influence on Japan’s capitulate. With the victory of Stalingrad, the attitude of Soviet Union began to transfer. Even in the Yalta conference, Stalin promised that Soviet Union would attack Japan after the defeat of German. Ignoring the neutrality pact, the Operation August Storm was launched in the summer of 1945. The Soviet Union started an attack on Japanese position in the area of Korea and Manchuria. During the two weeks’ wartime, Japan has lost 84,000 lives. The Soviet Union’s invasion made it hopeless for Japan to search help from Stalin to end the war peaceful. The Navy Chief Toyoda argued that, ‘I believe that the Russian participation in the war against Japan rather than the atom bombs did more to hasten the surrender.’ With the enormous of lose of military force; there was no ability for Japan to procrastinate surrender. In sum, the shortage of military force and the pressure from all the alliance nations made Japan a country around by various crises. Many experts are convinced that the bombs are almost unnecessary to end the war, for the surrender of Japan would be probably occur in any of events. In other words, the atomic bomb was not a conclusive factor to end the war. The atomic bomb, which was the most appalling weapon created in the 20 century, had played an important role for certain. Instead of ending the war, many experts had asserted that to large extent, the atomic bomb policy was used to contain the Soviet Union. As a matter of fact, American had paid most attention to concern Soviet Union as a factor in the early progress of the bomb. Some scholars had the argument that there was never any illusion but Russia was the enemy of American. The president Roosevelt had also share the similar argument that the development of atomic strategy was a part of general diplomacy, which link the wartime situation and postwar affairs. Roosevelt also agreed with Churchill the opinion of using atomic bomb as an approach to bargain with the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, the compromising policy of Roosevelt would not promote the atomic diplomacy insufficiently. In Einstein’s opinion, he argued that if President Roosevelt were still alive, he would forbid the act of atomic bombings.In the April of 1945, after the death of President Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman became a new American leader with swearing an oath. As a result of Roosevelt’s sudden death, Truman was relatively uninformed the policy towards the Soviet Union  and atomic bombs. Truman had stated that he would continue the foreign and domestic policy before, however, that he would be a president of his own belief. Without an integrated foreign policy, Truman was heavily influenced by the advisors. The lack of information about Soviet Union made the advisors easy to persuade Truman to adopt their suggestion of confronting the Soviet Union. It indicated the fundamental transition of diplomacy of America.In the other hand, after his rising to power, the Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson introduced that the existence of ‘ the most urgent matter’ the bomb. Thus, Truman was full of confidence to achieve the superpower of American with the monopoly of nuclear power. Under his influence, the diplomacy of American had become offensive. In Truman’s opinion, the Soviet Union’s communist was a factor to prevent American hegemony. To Truman, the initial notion on the new weapon was a tool of diplomatic confrontation with Russia.It was a trend to use the atomic bomb as an instrument to contain the Soviet Union. In July of 1945, the atomic bomb action was put forward to discussion of the role, which the nuclear weapon would play to contain the Soviet Union. For another aspect, it was a colossal threaten to America that the invention of the Soviet Union army into the Pacific battle field. The atomic bomb was use to end the war earlier in order to avoid Soviet’s entry into the war. In the spring of 1945, the Soviet Union had achieved the victory of the Berlin Battle. The Soviet Union had been a dominant status in the European territory. Stalin also had the careerism to gain and expand the territory in East Asia. To occupy Japan was a positive tactics for Soviet Union to sally the Asian continent.Stalin stated that Russia would share the actual occupation of Japan before the explosion of the bombs. The American government had a concession of Stalin’s willing for the reason of a requirement of assistance from Russia to defeat Japan at the beginning in the Yalta Conference. However, along with the success of the testing of atomic bombs, Japan’s defeat was for certain. America was no longer with the requirement of Russia’s assistance. Stalin still tried to participate the war with Japan and America. The American government was not satisfied with Stalin’s decision with the hope of keeping Soviet Union out of Asia. If Russia were in the war against Japan, Russia would occupy other areas in  East Asia near Japan. In another word, Manchuria, Mongolia, and also Korea would gradually under Russia’s control. Stimson had provide a view of ‘If the Russians seek joint occupation after a creditable participation in the conquest of Japan, I do not see how we could refuse them at least a token occupation’ It has proved that America was under the risk of Soviet Union’ s entry into the war. The President Truman wrote in his book ‘Years of Decisions’ that he would not to allow Russians played any role to control Japan. Consequently, the Americans had a strong will to end the war as soon as possible to avoid the Soviet Union’s invasion. Byrnes, assistant to Secretary of State, had showed the argument to support ending the war before Russian’s joining in an interview. He asserted that the President Truman had shared the same view with him that it was necessary to get Japan defeated before the Russians came in the war. Similarly, Albert Einstein announced that by any means, to push the war to end should precede the participation of the Soviet Union.These are the evidence of that American were willing to end the war and to stall the Soviet Union’s entry. On 16th July 1945, in New Mexico, the success of testing the atomic bomb’s explosion had supplied an excellent chance to end the war. The assistant to Secretary of State, Byrnes, had suggested the President Truman that the bomb could be used as a way to reduce Soviet Union’s influence in Asia by ending the war. The atomic bomb, contain tremendous power when it occurs the nuclear fission reactions. The Americans had ability to urge Japan to surrender as soon as possible by holding such a weapon with huge lethality. If Japan was defeat by Americans before the Soviet Union’s assistance, there was no excuse for Soviet Union to invade East Asia area. From this aspect, the atomic bomb was used for contain Soviet Union’s invasion by ending the Pacific war as soon as possible. In addition, the make use of Atomic bombs was the nuclear threaten to the Soviet Union. To some extent, the atomic bomb would likely to strength the American military force in order to against Soviet Union. After germen’s defeat in 8th may 1945,the entire European continent seemed to be ready up for grab. As a matter of fact, one of the most considerable affaire to the Allied nations was to modify the world pattern. However, the Soviet Union has made a dominant place in Europe with expending large amount of territory  in the European continent. The Soviet Union has become the largest army to prevent America to achieve its hegemony monopolized in the world. The success of testing atomic bomb in new Mexico had provide a ‘master card’ for America to against the soviet union for the American has grasped the unique technological weapon with large power. Nevertheless, the development of atomic bomb was continually a secret before it’s testing. In the Potsdam conference, the president Truman had once tried to reveal that the America had had the nuclear power. In addition, the National Security Advisor, James Byrnes suggest Truman that to make a display of atomic bomb to the Soviet Union might become a tool to menace the Soviet Union, as well as to put the American into a positive situation at the end of the second world war. Similarly the president Truman has argued that in his belief that the atomic bomb would make positive effect on the position to strive for more territory at the end of the war. From Byrnes and Truman’s argument, it had been proved that the existence of atomic bombs itself was a huge risk to Soviet Union. To make Soviet Union realize that American had controlled the key technology of nuclear power as well as it had been in use, it was necessary to implement the atomic bomb policy with the global attention. Indeed, the atomic bomb increased the American army’s confidence dramatically. On the other hand, to Soviet Union, Stalin would not to compete against America directly as a result of such a weapon with lethality. In other words, the atomic bomb had played an important role to contain the Soviet Union. To conclude, the atomic bomb was a diplomatic ‘master card’ of containing The Soviet Union’s action instead of ending the war. It was certain that the surrender of Japan occurred several days after the atomic bomb’s explosion. The atomic bomb had made contribution on ending the war to some extent. However, Japan’s defeat was destined if the American policy makers didn’t make any decision of atomic bomb. For one thing, Japan was failed in many battles with a high expense of navy and air force. Even worse, the American army had cut the approach for Japan to import oil and raw materials. For another thing, the Soviet Union’s invasion was also a factor to promote Japan’s surrender. That is to say Japan’s surrender would occur in any case, the war would certainly had been end without the bomb. Instead of ending the war, the atomic bomb exerted its effectiveness to contain the Soviet Union.  In 1945, the President Truman’s rise to power had laid a foundation of the offensive diplomatic policy. To avoid Soviet Union’s expansion of territory, the atomic diplomatic strategy was used for against Stalin’s action. For one thing, the atomic bomb was used to end the war as soon as possible in order to prevent Soviet Union’s entry into Pacific battlefield. For another thing, the atomic bomb itself was deterrence for Soviet Union as the Americans had grasped the nuclear technology. In sum, the atomic bomb meet the requirement of defeating Japan, nevertheless, to be more accurate, the atomic bomb was a key step to deter Soviet Union’s global monopoly. Reference list Alperovitz, G., 1995. The decision to use the atomic bomb. London: Frontana Press Bird, K., Lifschultz, L., 1998 Hiroshima’s shadow. Michigan: Pamphletee†s Press P. 37 Cooper, J. W., 2006. Truman’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: http://www.johnwcooper.com [Accessed 24 November 2012] Dower, J. W., 1986. The war in western eyes, apes and others. In: War without mercy. New York: Pantheon Books Pp. 77-93 Frank, R. F., 1999 Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. United States of America: Penguin Books. Giovannitti, L.,Freed, F., 1965. The decision to drop the bomb. Great Britain: Methuen Co Ltd. Freeman, R., 2006. Was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] Hein, L., Selden, M., 1997 Living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. New York: M.E. Sharpe Leffler, M. P.,Painter D. S., 1994 the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history New York: Rouledge P. 59. Malloy, S. L., 2008. Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. United States of America: Cornell Paperbacks Milson, W.D., 2011. The most controversial decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 15. Preston, D., 2006 before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima: Corgi P. 493 Selden,M (1989), The atomic bomb voice from Hiroshima and Nagesaki. London: Kyoko, Mark Selden. P. 23. Smith, J. K., 2010 fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb: United States of America: Author house P. 17 Walker, J.S., 1996. The decision to use the bomb: a historiographical update. In: Hogan, M. J., 1996. Hiroshima, in history and memory. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge university press. Pp. 11- 37 [ 1 ]. L. Hein and M. Selden living with the bomb, American and Japanese cultural conflicts in the nuclear age. (Great Britain 1965) P. 4 [ 2 ]. J. S. Walker Hiroshima, in history and memory. (Cambridge 1996) P. 11 [ 3 ]. J. K. Smith Fire in the sky: the story of the atomic bomb (2010 United States of America) P. 17 [ 4 ]. M. Selden voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1989 London) P. 23 [ 5 ]. R. Freeman was the atomic bombing of Japan necessary? [Online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0806-25.htm [Accessed 23 November 2012] [ 6 ]. R. F. Frank Downfall, the end of the imperial Japanese empire. (1999 United States of America) P. 132 [ 7 ]. J. W. Dower war without mercy. (1986 New York) P. 83. [ 8 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 647 [ 9 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 645 [ 10 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 236. [ 11 ]. J. W. Cooper Truma n’s motivations: using the bomb in the Second World War [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 24 November 2012] P. 6 [ 12 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 127 [ 13 ]. L. Giovannitti and F. Freed the decision to drop the bomb (1965 Great Britain) P. 125 [ 14 ]. M.P. Leffler and D. S. the atomic bomb and the origins of the cold war in: Painter the origins of the cold war: an international history (1994 New York) P. 59. [ 15 ]. S. L. Malloy Atomic tragedy, the decision to use the bomb against Japan. (2008 United States of America) P. 81-85 [ 16 ]. Miscamble.w.d. 2011. The most controversial decision, Truman, the atomic bombs, and the defeat of Japan. P. 15 [ 17 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 37 [ 18 ]. D. Preston before the fall-out: from Marie Curie to Hiroshima (2006) P. 493 [ 19 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 274 [ 20 ]. K. Bird and L. Lifschultz Hiroshima’s shadow (1998 Michigan) P. 17 [ 21 ]. G. Alperovitz The decision to use the atomic bomb (1995 London) P. 134

Pax Romana Rome

Pax Romana Rome Answers Answer 1: Pax Romana Period of Rome Pax Romana Period can be defined as the period of Roman piece. This period of peace sustained for the centuries after the domination of Augustus. The accession by the Octavian to the imperial throne contributed in bringing an end to the international and civil warfare. His reign of 40 year from 27 BC 14 AD added to the unity, peace and progress of the Mediterranean world. The Pax Romana started with Augustus and attained new heights under 5 superior Emperors. The main contributions include increase in the number of cities which were self-ruled by magistrates of upper-class, development of roads and waterways. Pax Romana was responsible for creating a universal world-state where cultures and races were united without any discrimination. Apart from this, it shows the elimination and suppression of the artificial barriers, piracy and helped in establishing consistent coinage (The Roman World 509 B.C. to A.D. 180, 2007). Pax Romana period marked the great development in the field of commerce. Industry focused on organizing on the basis of the small-shop, which helped in attaining self-sufficiency. There was improvement in the Condition of those people, who belongs to the bottom of society especially the women and slaves. Apart from this, advancement was made in the field of history, science, art, architecture and literature, which helped them in reaching the highest peak. In this period, law, engineering and entertainment was revolutionized. The gladiator games were on the top list (The Roman World 509 B.C. to A.D. 180, 2007). Pax Romania was marked by the boom in the economy, the economy remained agrarian. In terms of the law and order, there was revival of the old traditions and ideal believes. Deteriorated temples were rebuilt by Augustus. Apart from this, there was revival in the old priesthoods and religious festivals were restored. There was the establishment of permanent court. This period marked the decline in the rate of corruption and the exploitation. Answer 2: Contribution of the different emperors of ancient Rome Julius Caesar: Gaius Julius Caesar served in Roman armed services and was a successful and clever politician. Caesar started his political career, in 78 BC, in the Roman Assembly, as a counselor and was known for his orating skills. He gave Rome a feeling of national plume and growth through his wide military subjections. He was largely responsible for the enlargement of the Roman dominance in the world. He brought a large part of Britain under Roman control by defeating the most talented Barbarian rulers. He increased security and stability in Rome where people knew nothing more than civil war (Life of Julius Caesar, 2008). Octavian Caesar Augustus: Augustus was born on 23rd September, in 63 B.C., in Rome. He was the first Roman Emperor and was adopted by his uncle Julius Caesar. He worked a lot for public welfare and also amalgamated and braced the Roman Empire. He rebuilt the city of Rome. It was said by the people that he founded Rome initially as a city of bricks and later converted it into a city of marble. He also introduced several laws related to marriage and slave. Many literary achievements took place during his reign. He also improved the infrastructural facilities and exercised great control over military and society (Augustus and the empire, 2008). Justinian: Justinian was born in 567 B.C. He was the eastern Roman Emperor and was the second emperor of the Justinian dynasty. During his reign, the empire rose to the heights of success. When he became the emperor, he prepared 3 challenging projects and executed them one after the other. Those 3 projects were: his code of laws, architectural works in Constantinople and conquests. Under his reign, all the laws were put under order and simplified, some were combined if possible and the outdated ones were deleted. He did great architectural works in Constantinople. He built new roads, bridges and sea walls to guard it from navy enemies. Several other walls were also built to protect the land route in the city. He also made a university, which was a huge source of education. He restored most of the lands to the Byzantine Empire from the Barbarians and made a great name in world history (Who was Justinian, 2008). Answer 3: Principles and Beliefs of the world religions Hinduism: It is third largest religion in the world and constitutes a great diversity of beliefs and principles. All Hindus think that every step is the way to reach god. They are considered as the broad minded person in the world. Hinduism includes many social classes and every one has their own regulation and compulsion for example, Brahmans are the best class and holy one. One important concept in the Hinduism is the revitalization, which means to bring back in life or the cycle of birth and death (Understanding the basic belief of Hinduism, 2008). Buddhism: It is the Fourth largest religion in world and known for its worldwide followers. It believes in affection and peace. It is based on four main principles: avoid the alcohol, do not harm anyone, do not lie and do not take. They believe that all are equal and there is no categorization between the caste systems. In Buddhism, the main reason for all problems is self attitude (Principle and belief of Buddhism, 2008). Judaism: It is the eleventh largest religion in world and followed by 14 million people. It is divided in three categories: conventional, improvement and conformist. It is noted as an influential religion in the world and has a great cycle of festivals. Shavuot, Sukkot and the Pesach are the three main festival of Judaism. Followers of it believe only in one god and assume that he is the creator of world. Christianity: It is based on the belief that rescuer is responsible for the merger of people with spirit. It believes in the concept of rebirth and derived from Judaism. The followers of this religion have a faith that elegance come to human only through the Christ worth. They believe that god has affection for all his followers whether they engage in an offence but they should have enough reason behind the offence (David Barrett et al., 2001). Islam: it is monotheistic religion and is the developer of moralistic values in thousands of its followers. Mainly five building blocks are there in Islamic religion like hajj, fasting, zakat, prayers, and shahadat. Muslims believe in Quran and lives according to the rules and regulation of it. They have to do pray five times in a day and yearly fast in Ramjan (ethos and values, 2006). References Augustus and the empire. (2008). Retrieved on June 23, 2008, from http://www.unrv.com/early-empire/augustus-empire.php David Barrett et al. (2001). A comparative survey of churches and religions AD 30 to 2200. World Christian Encyclopedia. Oxford University Press. Islam Background and Belief. (2008). Retrieved Jun 22, 2008 from http://family.jrank.org/pages/969/Islam-Background-Beliefs-Islam.html Life of Julius Caesar. (2008). Retrieved on June 23, 2008, from http://www.spaceandmotion.com/julius-caesar-life-history-biography-pictures-quotes.htm Principle and belief of Buddhism. (2008). Retrieved Jun 22, 2008 from http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=enq=principle+and+belief+of+buddhismbtnG=Google+Searchmeta= The Roman World 509 B.C. To A.D. 180. (2007). Retrieved on June 23, 2008, from http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/noteson%20Rome.htm Understanding the basic belief of Hinduism. (2008). Retrieved Jun 22, 2008 from http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=enq=principle+and+belief+of+buddhismbtnG=Google+Searchmeta= Who was Justinian. (2008). Retrieved on June 23, 2008, from http://writer.zoho.com/public/6_change/Justinian

LOréal Internal and External Influences

LOrà ©al Internal and External Influences The beauty industry has always been on a rapid move either it being the consumers or the competitors whereby on stake lies millions of dollars to be griped on by the producers of the beauty products. LOreal being the worlds largest beauty firm employing around 50,000 employees worldwide and revenues worth 17.47 billion dollars in 2009. LOreal has created an international brand portfolio for consumers with wide range of incomes and tastes in 140 countries and we know that LOreal has certainly occupied a unique position in the fast pace global beauty environment. The road to success was difficult as a lot of barriers had to be overcome and LOreal manage to that as well as winning the hearts of millions of consumers and therefore being the King in the Industry. (B).THE INTERNAL EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON LOREAL (B.1). INTERNAL INFLUENCES Mission and Vision LOreal operates with a distinctive global vision and market approach that have all been oriented to the fast growing global personal care market whereby their core values always have lied in integrity, responsibility and respect for the people and environment and thus satisfying and empowering the consumers further and thus allowing them to become a leader in Corporate Consumer Responsibility. Goals and objectives LOreal goals and objectives have always made them outstanding in the rest in the market as it always focused its strategy on achieving internal growth which was largely influenced by the ideas of acquisitions either it being strategic or tactical it has clearly lead to the overall growth of the business. Organisation Structure- LOreal has had a unique matrix structure as a result of this it has lead to effective communication throughout the whole organisation as well as developing effective market strategies and new product ideas. The matrix structure improved coordination with the rest of the departments in the organisation as well as on shared technologies and allowed information to move easily and feedback. Employees This has been a major influence on the organisations success as all employees are treated as assets in the company and all most all the employees have developed trusting relationships with their jobs as a result better working relations. Decision making- Decision making tends to be decentralized in the organisation thus allowing faster decisions to be made. Fast and flexible decision making willing to take risks has led them implore onto new opportunities in the market. Culture- LOreal has been built on strong values which have shaped culture and have guided the organisation throughout the life of the company whereby customer culture has always been emphasized as product safety and quality is paramount at all times and so becoming the leading beauty company .LOreal culture tends to cover all aspects of beauty for all consumers. The customer oriented culture has thus allowed LOreal to distinguish itself from competitors like PG. Research and Development- LOreal invested merely around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬581 billion in 2008 as per (LOreal .com) so as to promote sustainable innovation and safer to products to its consumers. (B.2). EXTERNAL INFLUNCES Demographics- The demographic shifts really influence a companys products with the recent trends whereby ageing population in the western hemisphere, aspiring consumers in emerging markets and other trends all this but LOreal responded to this trends better than its rivals and as a reason to this being the only cosmetic group present in every distribution channel . Competition- Rivals such as Procter Gamble (PG) , Estee Lauder and Unilever have always had a fierce and cut-throat competition in the industry and as per Corbett (2004) who said that competition brings out the best in organisations and it certainly did with LOreal grabbing the most opportunities and winning over consumers hearts with new and innovative products. Political- Government rules and regulations always come into the picture and tend to change bring about a lot of changes and as well as in the 1970s where the French government wanted to control Frances top companies and because of this Gesparal was formed as holding company otherwise LOreal could have add problems because sometimes state run companies are lack inefficiency as well as innovation. Because of LOreal being a globalized company laws, rules , legislation and business practises vary in different countries and so LOreal faces the problem to try to adopt to various governmental rules in order for it to be favourable for the organisation Customer Tastes and Preferences Customers are seen as ever changing until they find one product which they prefer and become royal to the same applies in the beauty industry where consumers will jockey between brands but having notices all these LOreal designed products that meted every specific groups needs and wants as well s meeting up with the increasing demand of beauty of products in this decade and simply outsmarting its rivals. Social Influences- With the new trends and urban flairs changing around lifestyle plays a key role as well as the question of only celebrities are used in advertisements and so cannot relate to an ordinary woman in society keeps on posing s serious question. Economic- Cosmetics are normally considered as a luxury product well during times of a dismal economy LOreal could face the problem of lack of consumer demand and so try to look into other countries plans and policies to try lifted the country out of recession. Technological Business operates in a world of rapid technology and so LOreal has to keep up with the pace otherwise could lose its market position. Advances in technological methods has had a positive intake from the companies as it allows them to reduce product obsoleteness and so advances in production methods have created products with longer life spans.eg the creation of the express finish fast dry nail enamel really became popular having huge amounts of sale everywhere Globalization Has been the major driving factor to many of the external influences as it has allowed the spreading of production, communication and technologies. (C).HOW GLOBALISATION INFLUENCES POLICIES AND DECISION MAKING IN LOREAL The world we live in is a different place from what it was 30 years or 40 years ago this is simply been because of what writers like to call an invisible earthquake i.e. Globalisation. Therefore we are living in a world of increasing instantaneity and every individual is influenced by globalisation so what to speak about organisations especially like LOreal. Globalisation is the spread and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world that spread has involved the interlocking of economic and cultural activity. According to Held and McGrew (2007) globalisation is seen as a stretching of social, political and economic activities across political frontiers and therefore all this factors have to be included in the policies and decision making of LOreal. One major influence that would always change their decision making was going to be how LOreal would cope- up with the new markets and new customers as well as reflecting upon wide variations between countries and cultures in their concepts of beauty and levels of personal hygiene had to be really considered because as per Peppers and Rogers (2004) said that every customer is different in a market and therefore each customer needs and wants will differ and so LOreal had to adjust themselves and try meeting those needs if not they could end up losing out customers to their rivals. Therefore LOreal was trying to make sure that global plans are compatible with the rest of the markets across the world. Over the years a centralized decision making was supported but at the speed globalisation was going to decision making certainly had to become decentralized so as to allow faster decision to be made as well as to reduce the levels of authority because all organisations were going to function in a very pacing environment and if decisions took longer to make it could pose severe problems in the future Pathak (2005) also favoured the point that a decentralized decision system could also be the key to success in a globalised economy. Globalisation brings in new aspects of managing human capital and treating human capital as assets is the key to success as well therefore LOreal had changed their policies towards employees and not only that they tried developing employees skills and tests on a level not only of being profitable but creating successful business for the long term. Cherunilam (2007) said that technology has been the major driving force to globalisation and therefore once a technology is developed it soon becomes available everywhere in the world integrating this main function into the decision making process is crucial. The aspect of growing use of internet had to be considered and therefore after the growth in technology and users of internet LOreal had to change policies and start to create online stores where it was not a must for the customers to physically come to the store to purchase goods it could be done anywhere and so technology had to be encompassed in the decision making process. Globalisation is bound to bring in new international rules and regulations. LOreal decision to move into international markets tended to be really cautious to acquire new assets amidst and industry wide consolidation then underway in the world beauty industry. Because of this new rules and regulations it could take a long time before mergers and acquisitions could be finalized i.e. the acquisition of Kiehls took 3 years to finalise because it was under courtship therefore LOreal have to consider all the political laws and judicial precedents . Because of the emergence of the global village according to Griffiths (2008) it is the duty of every organisation to be a good corporate citizen and so he went on to outline the importances of any organisation to become a good corporate citizen and to take upon corporate social responsibility as its a growing importance to any organisation and if not practised by the organisation could lead to reduction in profits as well as customers therefore globalisation changes how an organisations aligns their values and behaviours with the expectations and needs of the stakeholders and therefore policies are certain to change because LOreal had to also be called accountable for their impact of activities on the society and the environment. Globalisation meant that social changes and lifestyles also had to be integrated in the decision making process i.e. The way stores were designed had to simply change and therefore new store designs were put into place and try to forge links either with the local community and so to be relevant to the customers. Increasing competition within the beauty industries is certainly going to bring out the best of all companies and therefore according to Lindstedt and Burenius (2003) the first step towards a profitable business is intelligent market segmentation, targeting and positioning. Increasing globalisation together with customer demands had to be watched carefully and careful segmentation and targeting had to be carried out so as to understand consumers needs if LOreal were to win over the hearts of customers therefore globalisation certainly placed major influences on policies and decision making in terms of how marketing would be carried out because LOreal was not only dealing with the French population it was dealing with over billions of people all around the world with different needs and desires thus LOreal would have to take markets and divide them into narrower and narrower segments .Although sustaining brand positioning was going to pose a difficult challenge but LOreal were up for the task that awaited them. Organisations have to change from a profit oriented culture to customer oriented culture if they wanted to succeed in a globalized village. Long term planning is not the goal with the pressures of globalisation therefore LOreal will have to move away from a traditional approach of long term planning i.e. for 10 years what has been to done is making plans so as to adopt or respond to the environmental changes as soon as possible i.e. coming up with new strategies have to worked out. (D). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOREALS RESPONSE LOreal dint have an accessibly priced genuinely popular brand with a global potential which it could start selling to the rest of the world and that posed a problem and so we will now discuss how effective LOreal was in its response to Globalisation. And therefore LOreal set out to have a portfolio of products which was attractively priced proposition not just to fill the hole in any country but so as t go around the whole world and in all new markets. Marketing was going to be a key role in the globalisation process and so it did play its role LOreal started identifying areas on improvement and in marketing nothing more is important than informing your customers about your products and services as per Lee and Johnson (2005) and so LOreal started spending huge amounts on advertising e.g. after the acquisition of Maybelline which was having a few problems in that customers would saw Maybelline was something their mothers wore and so LOreal clearly applied their expertise and technology to improve Maybellines products , its marketing and it spent around $70 million in advertising as well as it had to change the tagline of the products. According to White (2007) a tagline plays an important persuasive role in a campaign and therefore LOreal shifted its tagline to because youre worth it and after the changes to the acquisition it gave LOreal the passport to enter even new markets. As a result of this LOreal established a reputation for quality among US products and was able to sell products for a higher price than its competitors. LOreal started with having an organisational structure, marketing strategy and culture well oriented to the fast growing global personal care market. The marketing campaigns were always successful for LOreal as they used high profile celebrities in its ad campaigns and thus able to enhance global image. According to Yang (2005) said that the selection of an appropriate channel of distribution is very important because of the association that is created between the image of the channel and that of the brand. And so LOreal improved on their distribution channels as they were going to reach out to more consumers then ever and therefore the concept of selling beauty through several channels of distribution was very carefully watched as it corresponded to economic levels as well as psychographic .And therefore it was a able to create a strong presence in every distribution channel of each division Consolidation is an important competitive strategy in the beauty industry and for LOreal to become a leader it would have to be the leader in the American beauty industry and so acquisition became an internal growth strategy that will help LOreal to expand product portfolio and revenues because being big in States meant you are big worldwide and so the over the years LOreal went onto purchase many of the big names in the American market so at to be a leader and added its magical touches on all of them so as to become a global leader the major companies LOreal bought in USA were Redken and as a result of purchasing Redken it gave them the ability to implement strategy of acquiring US brands to complement European brands also the purchase of Maybelline allowed LOreal to obtain 17% of share of the $2.3 billion U.S. mass cosmetics industry. Frensch (2007) said that acquisitions aimed to extend product lines are more likely to lead to synergies and that swat exactly was happening as LOrea l was able to cut production costs down rapidly. As well as to that the acquisition of the top two US ethnic hair care manufacturers Soft Sheen and Carson allowed LOreal to obtain 20% of the fragmented ethnic hair care market. The other major response was the acquisition of Kiehls and Matrix. Matrix was the leading US hair care brand in the professional market while Kiehls acquisition tended to strengthen LOreals position in the speciality store high end segment of the business where LOreal had not been an important player.Helena Rubinstein and Ralph Lauren Fragrances and Cosmair allowed them to fill up the portfolio of products as well. And that Lancà ´me and Garnier which were purchased in 1964 also had a major role in the globalisation process as sales from Europe came from Lancà ´me and Garnier. For a firm to prevail in the market an edge over rivals must be sustained as well as a customer orientation for manufacturing organisations according to Prasad (2009) and because of this LOreal had a strong commitment to Research and development that many consider still consider still to be the firms most distinctive values and advantage over its rivals. LOreal spent $600 million in the year in 2003 which allowed them to later on reduce costs of products and creation of new products like the most famous being the Garnier Fructis Shampoo. And that LOreal has a portfolio of more than 20,000 international patents. LOreal certainly had many strategies under their sleeves they tended to rebrand many of the products that were not performing well and the rebranding lead to increase in sales and increase n customers e.g. Rebranding Maybelline New York grew up sales by 93% as well as dropping a few brands but mainly was that LOreal was acquire new brands and developing those brands effectively. Helena was reintroduced in the market as a more up scaling product and that lead to increase in sales. After considering the competition LOreal tended to establish international brand management teams which were responsible for creating new products and developing market positions and strategies. Technology was embedded as an advantage and LOreal started setting up online stores and so customers could purchase any product any time thus convenient to them. As per Griffiths (2008) who said that every organisation must be a good corporate citizen and so did LOreal adopt to the Corporate Social responsibility approach really positively and one of its acquisitions i.e. Kiehls mission was very much CSR oriented whereby it was making profit as to improve the quality of the community to which it is committed. As result of the major acquisition by 2004 LOreal was enjoying its 19th consecutive year of double digit growth and also recorded over 18 global brands which have helped to strengthen customer brand loyalty. (E). AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT IN LOREALS RESPONSE LOreal being the leader in the beauty industry is always at risk of competition and therefore to still stay ahead of competition areas of improvement still have to be undertaken a few areas are going to be discussed. Strong competition from major rivals that include Proctor and Gamble ( P G) as well as Revlon could always strike an attack and therefore LOreal still has to constantly be innovative so as to maintain its market share and knowing that LOreal spends around $600 million in Research and Development as per the case companies such as Toyota although in another industry spends on average 1 million per hour in research and development as per (www.thetruthaboutcars.com) so as to deliver better products and services to its consumers similarly Proctor Gamble are said to invest around $ 5 million a day in research and development according to (www.pg.com) whereby PG believe one of their major reasons of success is the amounts they have spent on RD which have lead to innovations and at the end of the day with increasing sales market share will increase therefore for LOreal to still be a leader in the years to come it will have to invest heavily in Research and development so as to become more a nd more innovative than its rivals and simply stay ahead of the competition. Improvements in areas like Customer Relationship Management are essential because according to Sayer Bruce (2007) who said that customers are always changing and therefore these patterns must be watched carefully, therefore if LOreal will want to sustain its high performance in the beauty industry one way of doing that will be by sharpening knowledge of its customers through a better and efficient company- wide customer relationship management (CRM) management. Therefore they will surely have to become more customer focused because as competition increases business growth can be stunted by customer switching.CRM can be achieved by various ways in LOreal , the firm will have to identify divisions which already have a ideal customer foundation and once it has a fully integrated CRM system the knowledge can be gathered from different channels and segments according to values and behaviours and this will lead to an end to end process from consumer analysis and segmentation to creation , execution and measurement of the success of marketing campaigns. Production costs can still be lowered by LOreal as a result of the benefits it derives from economies of scale as we are told in the case it was able to produce mascaras for 20cents in its huge Little Rock plant and therefore areas in production can still be improved and thus the benefit being passed down to the consumers who will accept it with happiness. Lets not forget the danger the environment is faced with as a result of the risky chemicals components used in production and other areas as well i.e. toxic products which could soon pose a major problem not saying that LOreal is not doing anything at the issue in concern but if LOreal could promote policies on recycling, reducing their energy consumption , using green electricity and certainly reduce the use of volatile solvants so as to have an environmental policy that drives towards innovation. LOreal should also develop a new business strategy that will give them a better competitive advantage against Estee Lauder, PG maybe by going to segment and catering to a further range of ethnic groups and so try to apply a differentiation strategy and be successful Another area that still needs to be closely patched up is regarding its marketing strategy towards males because according to research shows that men are becoming increasingly concerned with their appearance and skin care and so it is an opportunity for LOreal to grip on before its rivals do. (F).CONCLUSION LOreal have been in the beauty industry for a hundred years and their reach to the peak of the mountain was slow and steady and very thoughtful as to be the global leader in the beauty industry problems are bound to show up from time to time and LOreal have been able to take the pressures faced from competition and globalisation aspects and tried to make the best out of them so as to be the King in the beauty industry but even though the journey does not end over here for LOreal as there still lies areas of improvement in the organisation so as to remain the King for the years to come. (G).REFERENCES Brooksbank, R.( 2002) Hot Marketing ,Cool Profits .Australia :Mc-Graw Hill. p.72-73 ,164-166. Cherunilam, F.( 2007) International Business: Text and Cases . 4th edition. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India . p.21 Corbett , M. E. ( 2004) The Outsourcing Revolution , Kaplan Publishing , p.8 Frensch, F.( 2007) The Social Scale Of Merger and Acquisition :DUV Gabler Edition Wissenschaft.p.45. Goldsmith,M. , Greenberg, C.L., Robertson,A. Hu-Chan , M (2003) Global Leadership: The Next Generation :Pearson Education Prentice Hall. P 11-13, 19, Griffiths, A. (2008) 101 Secrets to Building a Winning Business. Australia: Griffin Press. p.180. Held, D. McGrew, A. (2007)Globalization/Anti-Globalization: Beyond The Great Divide .2nd Edition. Cambridge: Polity Press. p.2. Lee, M. Johnson,C ( 2005)Principles of Advertising : A good Perspective . 2nd edition. Binghamton: Haworth Pres Lindstedt, P. Burenius, J.( 2003) The Value Model: How to Mater Product Development Create Unrivalled Customer Value. Sweden: Bimba. P.134-7. Pathak, J.( 2005) Information Technology Auditing : An evolving Agenda.p.88-90. Peppers,D. Rogers, M. (2004) Managing Customer Relationships: A Strategic Framework. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. p.10. Prasad, K .(2009) Strategic Management : Text and Cases. New Delhi. Prentice Hall India. P.188. Ray , L.J. (2007) Globalization and everyday Life .New York :Routledge. P.1 Sayer , J, N. Williams, Bruce ( 2007) Lean for Dummies .Indiana. Wiley Publishing Company. p.28. White, A.W.( 2006) Advertising design and typography .New York: All Worth Press. p . 188. Yang, K.( 2005) Design for Six Sigma for Service :Mc-Graw Hill p.220-222. Web References http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE61E20C20100215 July 24th 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/sustainable-development/chairman-and-ceo/our-vision-for-the-future.aspx July 26th 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/company/pdf/code_of_ethics_us.pdf July 24th 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/html/sustainable-development/loreals-commitments/research-development.aspx July 24th 2010 http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2002/09/30/329290/index.htm July 26th 2010 http://blogs.saschina.org/christine02px2010/case-study-body-shop-2/ July 24th 2010 http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/does-toyota-really-spend-one-million-dollars-per-hour-on-safety/ August 3rd 2010 http://www.pg.com/jobs/corpinfo/consboss.shtml August 3rd 2010 http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/pdf/RDD_2008_SuppliersRelation.pdf July 24th 2010 (H). BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauman, Z. (2000), Globalization: The Human Consequences, Cambridge: Polity Press Gray, J. (2002), False Dawn. The Delusions of Global Capitalism, London: Revised edition , Granta Publications Hutton, W. (2003), The World Were In, Abacus Mittelman J (2001) The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Stiglitz, J. (2003), Globalization and Its Discontents, London: Penguin Books Scholte, J. (2005), Globalization: a Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: 2nd edition Palgrave Macmillan

The Graffiti Exposure in Wynnum Essay example -- essays research paper

The Graffiti Exposure in Wynnum Is it a work of art; or a piece of scrawl sprayed across some bare surface? Ladies and Gentlemen, should Wynnum be exposed to Graffiti? Firstly, I would like to ask you. What is the cost to the government to ‘cover up' this unwanted advertisement? One recent attack placed a school approximately $4000 out of pocket. Further more, over the last twelve months, my school has experienced nine attempts at destroying the asthetic appeal of the buildings within. I could also safely say that most of the other schools in the Wynnum Manly district, both public and private, received similar encounters of degradation. It's not just the cost, it's also the time. What about the cleaners? What about the painters? What about the police? I am sure there are more constructive projects to cover than cleaning up after some graffiti vandal. It is not just our schools who experience the attacks. Scout dens, parks, businesses, trains, just to name a few, all lie in the mercy of the local crew, or graffiti gang. Is there a reason for such an act? Criminologists suggest that there are many motives for graffiti. These motives all point to one main factor. Targeting the higher authority: Revenge towards the authority; Anger towards the authority; Boredom from lack of authority; To convince of self-existence, and To explore prohibited areas placed by authority. The pattern of locations the police established, is that all the tags, or the writer's signature, are pla...

Theatre Play :: essays research papers

Triple Threat Cell phone rings Chris Hey what’s up man? Chris Naw man, I’m busy tonight, I’ve got three dates Chris Ya man, three different girls, and they don’t even know Chris I’m taking one of them to lunch, another to dinner, and then I’m gonna meet the one at the bar Chris I met the first one in my theatre class, man she’s hot! I am taking her to lunch Chris The second one I met at Wal-mart. She was checkin me out. I’m taking her to dinner Chris And the last one is that one girl from last week at the bar, remember? I’m meeting her there later Chris So, do you think I can pull this off? Chris No? Man you know I’ve got dem skills..Later Next Scene Chris Hey how’s it going? Anna I’m fine how are you? Chris I’m good, man Brent’s class sure was enjoyable today wasn’t it? Anna Ohh yes, I had so much fun Waitress Can I get you all something to drink? Chris A water please Anna A water Waitress Would you like to order? Chris I would like a salad Anna I would like a triple cheeseburger, fries, and a loaded baked potato Chris Damn girl! Hungry? Anna Naw not really, I ate breakfast awhile ago Anna So, what are you doing tonight? Chris I am going to my grandma’s birthday party all day, you? Anna I’m going out with some of my girls Chris Well that’s cool Chris How’s the food? Anna Awesome, you want a bite? Chris No thanks, it’s all yours Chris So are you going to get the bill? Anna Hell no I’m not paying, do you think I would have ordered all this? Chris It’s cool, I got it, you know I’m a baller End date one Waitress Weren’t you here earlier? Chris Nope, you must have me mistaken with someone else Waitress No I’m sure it was you, are you sure? Chris Nope sure wasn’t me Waitress Ok then, how many? Chris Just two Michelle How’s your day going? Chris It’s good and yourself? Michelle Mines good, I just got off the phone with a friend and she had a terrible lunch date with some guy Chris Ohh really? That sucks Michelle Ya she came here Chris Ohh..I see†¦ Waitress Would you like something to drink? Chris We’ll both have water..with lemon that’s not extra is it? Michelle Well..thanks? Chris No problem Waitress Are you ready to order? Chris Ya, is it possible for us to order off the kids menu? Waitress No, not so much Chris Ok then, we’ll split the appetizer sampler Michelle Wow, don’t go all out Chris It’s cool, I’ve got plenty Chris So how’s wal-mart treating ya? Michelle Well it’s good, I have been getting a lot of hours since one girl†¦(Chris checks out another girl and says hi)..Uhh hello? Chris Uhh ya, that’s cool Michelle So what are you doing tonight? Chris Well I am going to ball with my boys and then we are going to hang at the house. What about you?

Promising Medical Applications for Embryonic Stem Cells Essay -- Explo

Promising Medical Applications for Embryonic Stem Cells Special cells that are taken from human embryos, called embryonic stem cells (ES cells), actually possess the power to save your life. The importance of embryonic stem cells rests in their lack of specialization. These basic cells are present in the earliest stages of developing embryos and are able to develop into virtually any type of cell and tissue in the body. Being self-renewing, they offer a potentially limitless source of cells and tissue. The versatility of these unique cells is what makes them so valuable and vital to human existence. These cells can serve many medical purposes and have the ability to benefit people in infinite ways. a. Joint replacement? There is great potential for stem cell use in joint repair and replacement as several recent studies have shown. For instance, a team of researchers at the University of Calgary used embryonic stem cells to create osteoblasts, or bone producing cells. The osteoblasts were generated in culture at a limited scale. The team cites the limited availability of embryonic stem cells as a major limiting factor to future studies. Most scientists are avoiding the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cell research by studying the potential uses of adult stem cells. In January of 2004, Dr. Michael Longaker of the Stanford University Medical Center and a team of doctors published their findings on bone replacement using adult stem cells in mice. They used adult stem cells derived from subcutaneous fat to create bone on premolded scaffolds. These bone structures were used to repair congenital craniofacial deformations in mouse subjects. An extension of this procedure to humans could result in monumental advanc... .... â€Å"Researchers Aim To Create â€Å"Living Glue† For Replacement Joints.† Stem Cell Research Foundation. September 2004. â€Å"Stem Cells Regenerate Injured Heart Muscle.† Stem Cell Research Foundation. August 2004. . â€Å"Stem cells therapy ‘may grow tissue’.† BBC News. 11 February, 2002. . â€Å"Stem Cell Research Targets Cerebral Palsy.† Stem Cell Research Foundation. August 2004. . Warren, Stephen M. MD; Nacamuli, Randall K. MD; Song, HanJoon M. MD; Longaker, Michael T. MD, FACS. â€Å"Tissue-Engineered Bone Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and a Biodegradable Scaffold.† Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. January 2004: Vol. 15: 1.

Pre Activity Health Screening and Customer Care

Explain the reason why pre-activity health screening is necessary Pre activity health screening is used to highlight health problems that may be aggravated by physical exercise. A fitness instructor can then assess and prescribe the correct fitness plan for the individual. Screening takes place in the form of a questionnaire and physiological measurements. Some health risks looked for by taking part in pre activity health screening are shown by Woolf, May (2006), categorised by risk factor.The first category is known as ‘primary risk factor’s’ which include high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These problems are related to some of highest risks to health such as heart attack when completing exercise . The ‘Secondary risk factor’s’ that may be aggravated by exercise include obesity that is indicated by a body mass index of over thirty kg/m2 and physical inactivity indicated by a failure to reach the minimum fitness standard required. The la st category is ‘non modifiable risks’ that is made up of factors that can not be helped such as age and a family history of heart disease.Someone over the age of fifty is also considered to be a factor in this category. When an individual has completed a health screening questionnaire they may then be asked to take part in further tests in the form of physiological measurements. A persons body mass index may be taken by dividing their weight by height. This can tell a fitness instructor whether the individual is over weight which would need consideration when an exercise plan was produced.An individuals blood pressure may also be taken as a high reading is considered a high risk factor contributing to coronary heart disease. Another test that may be carried out would be the weight to hip ratio which measures distribution of fat around the body. If the person has more weight around the abdomen it is known as ‘apple shaped’ and is related to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Completing pre activity health screening is becoming increasingly important for the fitness industry as the need for their services becomes more opular. The evidence shown suggests that health screening has the potential to save lives through diagnosing health problems that may be aggravated by certain physical activity, however a different kind of activity may be appropriate. Although health screening questionnaires are good for highlighting health risks the physiological measurements taken after are vital to further help both the instructor and the individual to diagnose health problems. (405) Q2) Discuss and analyse Reshma’s results.Your analysis should identify whether or not the results fall into healthy ranges, and discuss the implications of this with a particular focus on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Reshma’s PAR questionnaire showed that she answered ‘no’ all the questions, however she admitte d to smoking ten cigarettes a day which is putting her at risk of serious health problems and is classed as a ‘primary health risk’ leading to coronary heart disease (Woolf May 2006). A number of physiological measurements were then taken. Reshma had a blood pressure which read 140 over 100 millimetres of mercury.Andy Russel explains that the first reading is systolic pressure which is a contracting heart and diastolic pressure is the heart relaxed. The average reading should be between 100 to 140 over 60 to 90 (mmhg) (The Open University 2008). A reading over 130 and 85 provides more risk of coronary heart disease in middle aged people . (Vasan et al 2001). Reshma then had her resting heart rate measured at 90 beats per minute. According to Netfit (2009), the average heart beat of a women of 48 years old should be between 74 and 77 and anything over 84 BPM is thought to be poor.Stress is one cause of a rapid heart beat and regular exercise would lower heart rate consid erably. Reshma has a body mass index of 30. 5 which is calculated by dividing weight and height. Marie Toms explains that healthy people have readings between 19 and 24 and that anything over 30 is classed as obese (The Open University 2008). Reshma is putting herself at a higher risk of coronary heart disease and other risks such as cancer. Regular exercise would help Reshma lower her BMI and make her a lot healthier. Reshma’s waist to hip ratio was a reading of 1. 0.As Sharky and Gaskill (2007) suggest, the safe limit for women is between . 75 and . 8 which shows Reshma is in further danger of health problems which could be reduced by regular exercise. Reshma’s body fat percentage is shown at 33%. This reading is taken in 4 measurements with a calliper from the arm and back. According to Family education (2010), the average body fat percentage for a women of between 20 to 50 years old should be between 17 to 27 %. Reshma is clearly over the safe limits of body fat an d combined with her other measurements is putting herself at serious risk.The evidence shows that Reshma is at higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to her results. Physical activity can reduce these risks and with regular exercise participation, Reshma would be considerably healthier. If Reshma stopped smoking she would decrease her chance of health problems even more. (402) Q3) Outline how physical activity could have a positive effect on Reshma’s health. If Reshma began a fitness plan she would see dramatic improvements to not only her physical health but her mental health too.Improvements to the efficiency of the vascular system and metabolic changes would increase better health both physical and mental health by reducing stress. Sharky and Gaskill (2007), describes the Vascular system as having many tasks in the body which include carrying blood with oxygen, hormones and food to the cells of the body. The system can be made more efficient when a person takes part in physical activity by reducing blood clotting in narrow coronary arteries. This is achieved by the arteries being made larger and educing the risk of blockage due to plaque in the heart therefore reducing the risk of heart disease. A notable change of the system for Reshma would be that of blood pressure being reduced when regular exercise is carried out. Another benefit of physical activity on the system would be that blood volume increases by 10 to 15 percent and in doing this will lower Reshma’s heart rate over time. The metabolic changes to the body when participating in physical activity contribute to many factors in helping Reshma become healthier.Blood lipids including high cholesterol and triglycerides can be a factor of coronary heart disease. Important metabolic changes would be seen with an increase in fat metabolism because exercise burns fat and increases muscle which further helps to reduce fat. The metabolic changes are significant to Reshma as the metabolism of fat would help to lower her body mass index and would further contribute to a lower waist to hip ratio and body fat percentage. Physical activity not only helps physical health but can also improve mental health.Reshma has high blood pressure due to a busy lifestyle. Hendrix and Hughes(1997) states that regular exercise contributes to good health by lowering diastolic blood pressure and reducing stress. Exercise is also thought to be the best form of stress management because it not only reduces the risk of physiological problems but can also reduce anxiety and depression through its relaxing abilities. These factors would lower Reshma’s blood pressure to an acceptable level. When it comes to Reshma taking part in physical activity the benefits to health are endless.A more efficient vascular system and metabolic changes improve physiological factors in the body and improved mental health reduces the stress leading to a lower blood pressure and a better overall lifestyle. (39 9) Task 2 Q 1) What legislation governs health and safety in a sport and fitness facility, and how might these relate to this accident. The main legislation in the sport and fitness sector is the ‘Health and Safety Act Ect 1974’ . This act is known as a Statute Law which means it is provided by parliament and contains a number of acts that relate to all health and safety topics in an industry.The Child Protection at Work in Sport Unit may also be interested in Luke and Fiona’s case. As Heany and Goody (2008) suggest, the Health and Safety Executive governs a lot of the health and safety aspects in the sport and fitness sector through ‘The Health and Safety Act ect 1974’. The act protects the health and safety of people at work but it also provides health and safety for visitors to a facility. An important Factor in the case of Luke and Fiona could be ‘The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999’ which states that an empl oyer should carry out a risk assessment including risks to people not in his employment.A court may then ask if an appropriate risk assessment was carried out in preventing such injury happening to Fiona. The Child Protection at Work in Sport Unit, which is part of the ‘National Society for the prevention of cruelty to children’ may show concern because they may ask why Luke took Fiona into the gym in the first place As the sport and fitness sector grows in stature, the ‘Health and Safety Executive’ becomes more important in the guidance it gives in the of running the industry. (252) Task 2 Q2) Discuss whether or not Luke or his 14 year old Fiona would have a case for negligence against the facility.Explain the reason for your answer. Before a verdict of negligence is awarded a court will use the ‘law of tort’ which takes into account many factors. Jane Goody (2008) describes the law of ‘Tort’ as being a French word for a wrong and that the law makes a defendant protect someone from harm and owe a person a duty of care. The court must prove this by showing the defendant owed the person a duty of care, that the duty of care was broken and that the person received injury due to a breach to the duty of care. Negligence is further explored by using other laws such as ‘Occupiers liability’ and the ‘Reasonableness test‘.These are of much importance in the case of Luke and Fiona When it comes to Luke and Fiona the receptionist does not owe a duty of care because although she let Fiona into the premises, she did not let her into the gym. However the Fitness Instructor did owe Fiona a duty of care because he did not ask for any form of identification. In doing this he broke that duty of care and it could be said, he then breached that duty of care when she was injured. Occupiers liability is the law that gives the occupier of a property or land, the responsibility to make sure such land or pro perty is safe for people to enter.The notable law in the case of Luke and Fiona is that of Occupiers law of 1984 which states that land should be safe even for trespassers. (Jane Goody 2008). Fiona was classed as a trespasser as she entered the gym without permission but the owner still had to make it safe for her as a trespasser. However, the law then becomes more important in the case of Luke and Fiona because even though the defendant has a duty of care to make a facility safe for all, the law changes if the claimant is a child who should have been under the care of an adult.The court may then say that Luke was being negligent for taking Fiona into the gym and it was his responsibility to look after her especially as she should not have been there in the first place. The reasonableness test takes into account whether a defendant acted in a reasonable way in the circumstance and also takes into account any different behavior by the defendant or the claimant, the size of the risk a nd whether injury could have been prevented. Special qualifications held by the defendant are also taken into account (Jane Goody 2008)In the case of Luke and Fiona it could be said that the gym instructor was being unreasonable in not asking Fiona for any identification. In other aspects the instructor could have acted in a reasonable way because Fiona fell over and no equipment was involved however the situation would change if Fiona slipped on a wet floor or fell over equipment because it should have been checked and deemed safe by the instructor. The evidence shows that a case of negligence could be successful in many factors but the law of occupiers liability may lead to an unsuccessful claim .The gym instructor broke his duty of care to Fiona by not asking for identification . Occupiers liability shows that although Fiona was trespassing she had a right to safety, however an award may be reduced or lost because Luke was being negligent in taking Fiona to the gym. 566) .Bibliog raphy 1 & 2) Woolf, May (2006), study topic 3: Minimising the health risks of physical activity in E112 Introduction to Sport, Fitness and Management study guide, Milton Keynes, The Open University. 3) The Open University (2008) E112 Introduction to Sport, Fitness and Management DVD, Milton Keynes, The Open University. ) Vasan et al (2001) ‘Hypertension and Stroke’ in Fitness and Health (6th edn) Sharky and Gaskill (2007), Leeds, Human Kinetics. 5) Netfit (2009) ‘Resting Heart Rate’ (online). Available from: Http://netfit. co. uk/fitness/test/resting-heart-rate. htm (accessed 17th January 2010). 6) The Open University (2008) E112 Introduction to Sport, Fitness and Management DVD, Milton Keynes, The Open University. 7) Sharky, B. J. and Gaskill, S. E. (2007) Fitness and Health (6th edn), Leeds, Human Kinetics. 8) Family Education (2009) ‘Fat Percentage Chart’ (online), Available from: Http://life. familyeducation. com/weight/body-image/46748. tm l (Accessed 17th January 2010). 9) Sharky, B. J. and Gaskill, S. E. (2007) Fitness and Health (6th edn), Leeds, Human Kinetics. 10) Hendrix and Hughes (1997) ‘Activity Minimises Stress’ in Sharky and Gaskill (2007) Fitness and Health (6th edn), Leeds, Human Kinetics. 11) Heany and Goody (2008) ‘Physical Activity and Health and Safety’ in E112 Introduction to Sport, Fitness and Management Study Guide, Milton Keynes, The Open University. 12) Goody,M. (2008) Negligence: ‘Legal Frameworks of Health and Safety’ in Oakley, B. and Rhys, M. (eds) The Sport and Fitness Sector: An Introduction, London, Routledge/Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Poetry Anthology on John Brereton

POETRY ASSIGNMENT ? living keister Le audacious Brereton was innate(p) in Sydney, Australia, on the 2nd of kinfolk 1871. He was the fifth son of fundament Le Gay Brereton (snr), a doctor, and his married woman Mary Tongue. His parents and family life impacted greatly on his view of the mankind, distorting it from the views of the norm of the multiplication. derriere senior was also a poet, and create s invariablyal masss of numbers. antic junior went to educate at Sydney grammar school, and was just 15 when his produce died in 1886. thaumaturgy moved on to study at the University of Sydney, and graduated with a bachelor of Arts in 1894. nates was the editor of many an(prenominal) bran-newspapers, including his school paper, as considerably as the university paper Hermes, and afterward 1890, rump was a regular contributor to the Sydney quarterly magazine. Through his press ties, his poetry and belles-lettres became better cognise than that of most poets of the er a. washstand produced his first poetry anthology in 1896, cor nonpareilted the song of brotherhood and other verses. toilette produced a nonher anthology in 1897 titled dish aerial mine lyrics of love and friendship. The year 1900 sawing machine John marry Winif rubor Odd. In 1902, John re farmed to the university of Sydney, as the librarians assistant.He was known among the students and staff at the university to defy the counseling of the time by never tiring a top hat. In 1908, outho drug abuse published his 3rd volume of poetry titled sea and sky. Another volume followed after the first world war, in 1919, titled the Burning Marl. 2 age after releasing his fourth volume, he was ap storyed professor of English at the University of Sydney. John produced his final volume Swags up In 1928, and produced a series of autobiographical essays in 1930. In 1993 John went on holiday in Tamworth, and died t here(predicate) whilst salve on holiday. John died friends with more widel y known poets such as henry Lawson.Johns wife and 4 children every(prenominal) survived him. Anthology ANZAC Within my detectt I visualize the cry Of loves that suffer, souls that die, And you may have no praise from me For warfares colossal vulgarity Only the flag of love, unfurled For recreation above a weeping world, I follow, though the fiery breath Of shoot shrivel me in death. Yet here I stand and bow my gallery To those whom other banners led, Because within their hearts the encounter Of Freedoms summoning trumpets rang, Because they welcomed grisly pain And laughed at prudence, mocked at gain, With noble hope and courage high, And taught our world how to die.Praise, praise and love be theirs who came From that red hell of stench and flame, Staggering, bloody, sick, but electrostatic Strong with indomitable will, Happy because, in gloomiest iniquity, Their own hearts drummed them to the fight. I chose the numbers ANZAC because of its descriptive language, truth , and its use of the harsh reality of war, while not glorifying war in any way. The Poet uses a mixture of descriptive text, rhyming lyric and rhythm to display his views on ball War 1. His use of scary and awkward words sincerely reflect this contentedness that war is a sick and brainsick place.toby jug Hey, toby, toby, toby jug Dead? The silence is a flood That closes, choking, everywherehead, And chills the living blood. The leaping friend, whose gay bark Was greeting every night, No more to thrill the summer gamey With welcome of delight? Beside his grave I bend the knee, And O, my eyes are dim. He hunted for the dog in me I found the man in him. Swags Up Swags up and yet I moot upon the way. The yellow hill against a fog sky, With tufts and clumps of thorn, the bush whereby All by means of the wonder-pregnant night I lay Until the silver stars were interconnected in greyOur fragrant camp, demand a parting sigh New tracks, new camps, and hearts for ever high, Yet apprise regret with every welcome day. in a heartfelt way dreamy earth, receding flickering lamp, penny-pinching dust wherein I found this night a home, Still for a remembrances sake I turn and cling, Then take the road for many a distant camp, Among what hills, by what pale whispering foam, With eager faith for ever wandering. The Patriot The patriot from his walls of brass Is apprisal punkly as I run out With fearless heart and open eyes, He shouts the ancient battle cries And, where I shift to hear him sing, A silent convention is listening.My field, God bestows by thee The glory of the world to be The glory thou merely canst give To last amid things fugitive. My country, an ideal diverseness I see thee splendid in the storm, Directress of the power divine That makes the expectant succeeding(a) thine. My country, all the world shall bow sooner thy peace-conceiving brow, And all the peoples humbly stand groveling to thy blessing hand. My country, yea, the foes who raise A tyrant flag shall learn to praise Thy slopped love that dares to fight The horde of daystar for the right. My country, loveliest, strongest, best, Thou hast a mission to the rest,And greater wealth and love shall be The guerdon of thy ministry. In every tear I hear him sing In every land I see him fling His countrys flag against the skies And gaze aloft with dazzled eyes And then his loud applause rings roundAnalysis of Toby The verse form Toby is a verse that was written about the death of Johns dog. the verse begins in the Poets point of view, calling out the dogs name, and give awaying him and realising he is dead. The use of descriptive and cold language engages the reader, and helps us to get the picture the notionings that the poet is trying to force upon us.The nature of the poem encourages readers to think back on times that we may have lost a close or loved person, and the poem is both a metaphor and true. the insurgent carve up of the poem is centered around the sinking in of the fact that one of his closest companions was dead, and that on that point was now an conceit in his heart, and silence in the house. Tobys bark used to gratify the house of noise when ever John came home from work, but now he is greeted by an empty house, and the memory of what a great companion Toby was. John uses language and emotions to make the readers feel a touch sad, and to bring our minds into his perspective.The third carve up of the poem takes us on an emotional roller coaster while John reminisces over what a good mate Toby was for him, his loyalty and how he was forever there for John. The third paragraph ends with John feeler back to reality, and remembering that Toby is no longer there to greet him after a long days work. The nature of the last sentence of the paragraph is almost distraught, and the readers can almost feel Johns pain through his clever use of descriptive and emotional text. The final paragraph is a perceive of clos ure for the poem, poet and readers.John lays Toby to his final resting place, and realises that Toby was the greatest companion that he has had, and they fagged their time together trying to pay off the similarities, even though John was a man, and Toby was a dog, and John by all odds found the man in Toby, whilst Toby spent his time trying to find out how dog-like John really was. The poem ends with a sense of happiness, as the poet seems to view as to the loss of his friend, and closes with the fact that Toby really was a man, as he is caring, kind, and always there for his mates, no matter what is passing play on.Bibliography Poetrylibrary. edu. au Brereton, John Le Gay Poet Australian Poetry Library Poetrylibrary. edu. au (n. d. ) Brereton, John Le Gay Poet Australian Poetry Library. online unattached at http//www. poetrylibrary. edu. au/poets/brereton-john-le-gay Accessed 24 Sep 2012. En. wikipedia. org John Le Gay Brereton Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia En. wikipe dia. org (2012) John Le Gay Brereton Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. online Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Le_Gay_Brereton Accessed 24 Sep 2012.